The T-score rescales z into a mean-50, SD-10 ruler—no negatives, easy bands, and the standard in health and competency reporting.
A T-score is a z-score dressed for presentation: T = 50 + 10z. Same information, but always positive, centered at 50, with each 10 points one SD—so 60 means "one SD above the group" at a glance.
T = 50 + 10z = 50 + 10(x − μ)/σ
Competency reports use T bands: T<40 develop, 40-60 solid, >60 strength—managers act on the bands without recalculating anything.
Client-facing scorecards and dashboards—where a minus sign in front of someone's ability score causes unnecessary meetings.
T-scores still assume a reference group—state which norm you used; a T of 60 against your team is not 60 against the industry.
Percentages describe the test; T describes the position in a group. Never convert one into the other without norms.
Convention (health metrics): round numbers, no negatives, SD = 10 reads easily on radar axes.
Turn the concept into a live assessment：T-Score
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